Slavery James Fort

On March 6, 1957, Ghana became the first Black African nation to win independence from colonial rule in the twentieth century, and Kwame Nkrumah became a symbol of freedom across the continent. Less than a decade later, he was overthrown.

Slavery James Fort follows Nkrumah from his childhood in Nkroful to the Convention People’s Party, the building of a new state, and his non-aligned stand in the Cold War. Drawing on declassified intelligence records, K E Andam traces the campaign against his government: propaganda and manufactured scandal, the targeting of Komla Gbedemah, economic warfare, assassination attempts, and the foreign connections behind the 1966 coup.

An unflinching account of betrayal, neocolonialism, and information warfare, it asks what Africa’s continuing struggle for genuine independence can learn from shadow games that never ended.